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Collaboration in Transit-Oriented Development of HUD Neighborhoods Author: Laurie Walker Dissertation School: University of Denver Pages: 218 Publication Date: 12/2009 Availability: Access Number: 5035 Abstract: Mixed-income policy, while necessary because of housing problems and the distress experienced by residents has not always benefited public housing residents and their surrounding neighbors. Research can determine the outcomes of three questions regarding: 1)current housing and management problems in traditional versus redeveloped public housing; 2) the barriers, successes, roles, and evaluation of outcomes of a Resident Advisory Committee (RAC) collaboration with residents that conducted outreach with existing neighborhood organizations; and 3) whether social cohesion, organizational collective efficacy, and having a transition and/or relocation planning predicts resident readiness for mixed-income redevelopment. Twenty-five resident and professional participants in the RAC process participated in in-depth interviews and 387 residents of 2 public housing neighborhoods completed a survey. Residents participating in the survey were predominantly female (73 percent), Hispanic (44 percent), or African American (22 percent), and had incomes of less than $12,500 (76 percent). The majority of the sample resides in traditional public housing (66 percent), as well as those residing in redeveloped public housing (21 percent), low-income HUD subsidized apartments (11 percent), and neighboring houses (12 percent). The in-depth interviews were semi-structured with an interview guide, which asked questions about the barriers, success, roles, and evaluation of the RAC process. The quantitative survey used established social cohesion and organizational collective efficacy scales, as well as two new scales measuring transition and/or relocation planning and readiness for mixed-income redevelopment. The traditional public housing resulted in several housing problems that are significantly different (p<.05) from the redeveloped public housing, including: 1) peeling or broken plaster, 2) plumbing needs repairs, 3) cockroaches, 4) cold during the winter, 5) hot during the summer, 6) screen doors need repairs, and 7) walls in the bathroom need repairs. Two unique housing problems in one traditional public housing location and one low-income HUD subsidized apartment were identified, which included gas leaks and problems with mice, respectively. The RAC process resulted in several successes such as several Key Focus Areas for change that created resident drive suggestions for transition and/or relocation planning, but the RAC may have had hidden power and repeated the mistakes of traditional planning processes, which caused some residents to distrust the process. Based on multiple regression analysis, resident perception of social cohesion, organizational collective efficacy, and having a transition and/or relocation plan explain 42 percent of the variance in readiness for mixed-income redevelopment (p< .01). Future mixed-income redevelopment policy continues to be necessary because of housing problems and the distress experienced by residents, but needs to focus on maintaining social cohesion and empowering neighborhood organizations to collaborate with systems to solve neighborhood problems like transition and/or relocation planning. The result of the emphasis on including residents in planning and implementation of mixed-income redevelopments may ensure residents are more prepared to benefit from these neighborhood changes. |
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