Public choice theory, which frames this study, suggests that municipal policymakers, within fragmented regions, will bundle the most cost-effective combination of public goods and services in order to retain or attract residents. Moreover, Charles Tiebout, contributor to public choice theory via the Tiebout Hypothesis, suggested that when public services are too few and/or tax rate (costs) too high, current residents will move to and future residents will seek a location that has a preferable mix of services vis-a-vis cost; thereby, fostering a competitive spirit among municipalities within a particular region. (More)

The prevalence of asthma exacerbation among urban youth has remained high despite improvements in pharmacological agents and home-based prevention techniques. Both environmental triggers in the urban environment (allergens, excess moisture, irritants) and social factors (lack of health education, knowledge about the disease, and access to preventive care) may be contributing to the increased morbidity seen among urban youth. Because asthma is a complex disease, knowledge about common symptoms, triggers, and appropriate management is paramount to prevent exacerbation. Yet, despite the high rates of asthma and high prevalence of triggers among minority children living in urban areas, knowledge about asthma has been shown to be lower among caregivers who are non-White, have lower education levels or socioeconomic status, and have lower levels of family functioning compared to their Caucasian counterparts with higher income and education. (More)